پژوهش های کاربردی مهندسی شیمی - پلیمر
فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی

بررسی روش های مختلف افزایش عملکرد غشاها در فرایند جداسازی اکسیژن از نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مروری تحلیلی

نویسندگان

صبا روشیان 1
جواد کریمی ثابت 2
پریا امیرعابدی 3

1 گروه تحقیقاتی علوم و فناوری غشایی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، پژوهشکده چرخه سوخت هسته‌ای، تهران، ایران

3 دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، ایران

چکیده
در سال­های اخیر جداسازی هوا با استفاده از غشا به‌عنوان یک فناوری مقرون‌به‌صرفه برای تولید جریان­های نسبتاً خالص نیتروژن و اکسیژن مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. نتایج مطالعات نشان می­دهد که طراحی و ساخت پلیمرهای جدید با ساختار مطلوب برای صنعتی شدن فناوری غشاهای پلیمری در زمینه جداسازی اکسیژن از نیتروژن امری بسیار مهم تلقی می­شود. نتایج بدست آمده از کارهای تحقیقاتی مختلف نشان می­دهند که غشاهای پلیمری ساخته شده بر پایه پلی­ایمیدهای آروماتیک و پلیمرهای ذاتاً میکرومتخلخل (PIMs) به­علت گزینش­پذیری بالا، خواص مکانیکی، حرارتی و شیمیایی مناسب و نیز بهره­مندی از ساختارهای متفاوت ناشی از استخلاف­های پلیمری گزینه مناسبی جهت جداسازی اکسیژن و نیتروژن می­باشند. از سوی دیگر، فرایند اصلاح غشا نیز می­تواند مقاومت مکانیکی، شیمیایی و گزینش­پذیری غشاها را تا حد زیادی افزایش داده و روشی مؤثر در جهت بهبود عملکرد جداسازی اکسیژن از نیتروژن ­باشد. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از این است که ساخت غشاهای آمیزه پلیمری گزینش­پذیری و تراوایی غشاها را افزایش داده، همچنین ایجاد اتصالات عرضی نیز در اغلب موارد موجب افزایش گزینش­پذیری غشاها شده است. در این میان غشاهای غربال مولکولی کربنی که توسط تجزیه حرارتی ماده اولیه پلیمری در شرایط کنترل شده دمایی و فشاری ساخته می­شوند، به­دلیل داشتن خواصی نظیر گزینش­پذیری و تراوایی بالا، پایداری در محیط­های خورنده و قابلیت کاربرد در دماهای بالا مورد گزینه مناسبی برای جداسازی اکسیژن و نیتروژن محسوب می­شوند. همچنین با دقت در نتایج بدست آمده از کارهای تحقیقاتی مختلف می­توان دریافت که استفاده از نیروی محرکه و ذرات مغناطیسی در پلیمر بهبود همزمان تراوایی و گزینش­پذیری غشاها را در پی دارد. بطوریکه پیش­بینی می­شود این روش در بهبود عملکرد غشاهای پلیمری در زمینه جداسازی اکسیژن و نیتروژن یکی از روش­های کارآمد باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

جداسازی هوا
فناوری غشایی
غشاهای پلیمری
اکسیژن
نیتروژن

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of different methods of increasing membrane performance for oxygen/nitrogen separation

نویسندگان English

Saba Raveshiyan 1
javad karimi-Sabet 2
Parya Amirabedi 3
1 Membrane Science and Technology Research Group, Department of Chemistry Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Material and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
3 Faculty of Engineering, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
چکیده English

In recent years, air separation using membranes has received much attention as a cost-effective technology for producing relatively pure streams of nitrogen and oxygen. The results of studies show that the design and fabrication of new polymers with the desired structure for the industrialization of polymer membrane technology in the field of oxygen separation from nitrogen is considered very important. The results obtained from various research works show that polymer membranes made on the basis of aromatic polyimides and PIMs due to high selectivity, suitable mechanical, thermal and chemical properties and also benefiting from different structures due to polymer substitutions are a suitable option for separation of oxygen and nitrogen. Moreover, the membrane modification process can greatly increase the mechanical, chemical and selectivity of the membranes and be an effective way to improve the separation of oxygen from nitrogen. The results indicate that the fabrication of blended membranes has increased the selectivity and permeability of the membranes, and the creation of transverse connections in most cases has increased the selectivity of the membranes. Meanwhile, carbon molecular sieve membranes that are made by thermal decomposition of the polymeric raw material under controlled temperature and pressure conditions due to their properties such as high selectivity and permeability, stability in corrosive environments and applicability at high temperatures are suitable options for separation of oxygen and nitrogen. Also, carefully in the results obtained from various research works, it can be seen that the use of driving force and magnetic particles in the polymer simultaneously improves the permeability and selectivity of membranes. As it is predicted, this method is one of the efficient methods in improving the performance of polymer membranes in the field of oxygen and nitrogen separation.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Air separation
Membrane technology
Polymeric membranes
Oxygen
Nitrogen
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