Optimization of PVA/Nano-Bentonite Nanofiber Composite Production for Improving Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Mahdizadeh, Soheila; Mokhtari-Hosseini, Zahra-Beagom; Hatamian-Zarmi, Ashrafalsadat; Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh, Bahman

Optimization of PVA/Nano-Bentonite Nanofiber Composite Production for Improving Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

S. Mahdizadeh ¹

Z. Mokhtari-Hosseini ²

A. Hatamian-Zarmi ¹

B. Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh ¹

¹ University of Tehran

² Hakim Sabzevari University

Abstract

Fiber production in nanoscale prepares high surface contact for fibers and leads to the improvement of their properties with respect to other fibers. A convenient and effective method for nanofiber production with different diameters is electrospinning. Various effective parameters on electrospinning processes, including environmental, equipment, and solution variables can produce fibers with different morphologies. PVA has been used in various fields of applied research because of its high thermal stability, biocompatibility, non-toxic and solubility in water. The published reports indicated that properties of the PVA are improved with the addition of bentonite. In this research, to prepare PVA/nano-bentonite nanofiber membrane, the optimum amounts of three effective variables on the above-mentioned processes were determined. According to the obtained results, the voltage of 11 kV, the feeding rate of 0.5 mL/h and bentonite concentration of 3% w/w were optimum conditions for the process of PVA/nano-bentonite nanofiber composite production. In this condition, the average diameter of produced nanofibers was 243 nm with the standard deviation of 0.0551 and the tensile strength of 7.64 MPa. The results showed that the addition of bentonite to PVA increase intensity of nanofibers and decrease the diameter of nanofibers from 308 nm to 243nm.Therfore, the produced PVA/bentonite nanofiber composite is a good membrane for water treatment.

Keywords

Nanofiber

Electrospinning

PVA

Bentonite

Montmorillonite

Subjects

nano-composite

1- Klabunde K.J. & Richards R.M., Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Canada, 2009.
2- Qin X.H. & Wang S.Y., Filtration Properties of Electrospinning Nanofibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 1285-1290, 2006.
3- Yoon K., Kim K., Wang X., Fang D., Hsiao B.S. & Chu B., High Flux Ultrafiltration Membranes Based on Electrospun Nanofibrous PAN Scaffolds and Chitosan Coating, Polymer, 47, 2434-2441, 2006.
4- Barate R.S. & Ramakrishna S., Nanofibrous Filtering Media: Filtration Problems and Solutions from Tiny Materials, Membrane Science Journal, 296: 1-8, 2007.
5- Xue J., Xie J., Liu W. & Xia Y., Electrospun Nanofibers: New Concepts, Materials, and Applications, Acc Chem Res., 50, 1976-1987, 2017.
6- Huang Z.M., Zhang Y.Z., Kotaki M. & Ramakrishna S., A Review on Polymer Nanofibers by Electrospinning and Their Applications in Nanocomposites, Composites Science and Technology, 63, 2223-2253, 2003.
7- Patra S.N., Bhattacharyya D., Ray S., & Easteal J., Electrospun Poly(Lactic Acid) Based Conducting Nanofibrous Networks, IOP Conf. Ser.: Material Science Engineering, 4, 012020, 2009.
8- Beachley V. & Wen X., Polymer Nanofibrous Structures: Fabrication, Biofunctionalization, and Cell Interactions, Progress in Polymer Science, 35, 868-892, 2010.
9- Deitzel J., Kleinmeyer J., Harris D. & Tan N.B., The Effect of Processing Variables on the Morphology of Electrospun Nanofibers and Textiles, Polymer, 42, 261-272, 2001.
10- Islam S., Rahaman S. & Hyun Yeum J., Electrospun Novel Super-Absorbent Based on Polysaccharide–Polyvinyl Alcohol–Montmorillonite Clay Nanocomposites, Carbohydrate Polymers, 115, 69-77, 2015.
11- Beachley V. & Wen X, Polymer Nanofibrous Structures: Fabrication, Biofunctionalization, and Cell Interactions, Progress in Polymer Science, 35, 868-892, 2010.
12- Lee H.W., Karim M.R., Ji H.M., Choi J.H., Ghim H.D., Park S.M. & Oh W., Electrospinning Fabrication and Characterization of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Montmorillonite Nanofiber Mats, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113, 1860–1867, 2009.
13- Gṻnister E., Pestreli D., ṺnlṻC H., Atıcı O. & Gṻngör, N., Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-MMT Biocomposite Systems, Carbohydrate Polymers, 67, 358–365, 2007.
14- Miao S., Liu Z., Han B., Zhang J., Yu X., Du J. & Sun Z., Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2–Montmorillonite Nanocomposites and Their Application for Removal of Methylene Blue, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 16, 579–584, 2006.
15- Vaia R.A., Ishii H. & Giannelis E.P., Synthesis and Properties of Two Dimensional Nanostructures by Direct Intercalation of Polymer Metls in Layered Silicates, Chemistry of Materials Journal, 5, 1694-1696, 1993.
16- Thuc C.H., Grillet A.C., Reinert L. & Ohashi F., Separation and Purification of Montmorillonite and Polyethylene Oxide Modified Montmorillonite from Vietnamese Bentonites, Applied Clay Science, 49, 229–238, 2010.
17- Park J.H., Lee H.W., Chae D.K., Oh W., Yun J.D., Deng Y., Yeum J.H., Electrospinning and Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Oligosaccharide/Clay Nanocomposite Nanofibers in Aqueous Solutions, Colloid and Polymer Science, 287, 943–950, 2009.
18- Islam S., Rahaman S., Yeum J.H., Electrospun Novel Super-Absorbent Based on Polysaccharide–Polyvinyl Alcohol–Montmorillonite Clay Nanocomposites, Carbohydrate Polymers, 115, 69-77, 2015.
19- Koosha M., Mirzadeh H., Shokrgozar M.A. & Farokhi, M., Nanoclay-Reinforced Electrospun Chitosan/PVA Nanocomposite Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications, RSC Advances, 5, 10479–10487, 2015.
20- Charkhi A., Kazemian H. & Kazemeini M., Optimized Experimental Design for Natural Clinoptilolite Zeolite Ball Milling to Produce Nano Powders, Powder Technology, 203, 389–396, 2010.
21- Hyun Yeum J., Hyeung Park J., Kim I.K. & Cheong W., Electrospinning Fabrication and Characterization of Water Soluble Polymer/Montmorillonite/Silver Nanocomposite Nanofibers out of Aqueous Solution, Advances in Nanocomposites – Synthesis, 20, 484-502, 2011.
22- Ślusarczyk C., Biniaś W., Fabia J. & Biniaś D., Two-Dimensional Correlation Infrared Spectroscopy Studies of PA6/Montmorillonite Composite Fibres. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 15, 64 – 65, 2007.
23 Reis E.F.D., Fábia S., Lage A.N., Leite R.C., Heneineb L,G., Vasconcelos W.L., Lobato Z.I.P. & Mansur H.S., Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels and Hybrids for rMPB70 Protein Adsorption, Journal of Materials Research, 9, 185-191, 2006.
24- Peresin M.S., Habibi Y., Zoppe J.O., Pawlak J.J. & Rojas O.J., Nanofiber Composites of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Cellulose Nanocrystals: Manufacture and Characterization, Biomacromolecules Journal, 11, 674–681, 2010.
25- Fang X., Ma H., Xiao S., Shen M., Guo R., Cao X. & Shi X., Facile Immobilization of Gold Nanoparticles into Electrospunn Polyethyleneimine/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers for Catalytic Applications, Journal of Materials Chemistry , 21 , 4493–4501, 2011.
26- Wang H., Lu X., Zhao Y. & Wang C., Preparation and Characterization of ZnS:Cu/PVA Composite Nanofibers via Electrospinning, Materials Letters, 60, 2480 – 2484, 2006.