Effect of Drying Temperature and Mechanical Pressure on Surface Structure and Dynamical Properties of Polyaniline Nanostructured Film

BAHRAMIAN, ALIREZA; BAHRAMIAN, ALIREZA

Effect of Drying Temperature and Mechanical Pressure on Surface Structure and Dynamical Properties of Polyaniline Nanostructured Film

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

A. BAHRAMIAN

Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, 65155, Iran

Abstract

In this study, the effects of drying temperature and mechanical pressure on the surface structure and dynamical properties of polyaniline (PAni) were studied. PAni was synthesized through the aniline polymerization process in the presence of ammonium persulfate in acidic medium and normal methyl-2-pyrrolidine solution. The obtained solution was dipped on a substrate of quartz glass. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis based on nano-indentation tests were used to determine the values of hardness, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the films. The results of the analysis of the scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the surface morphology of the film is changed from a fiber-to-interconnected cross-linked networkby increasing the drying temperature. The transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the diameter of the fibers on the surfaces dried at 318 K and 418 K was 18 and 30 nm, respectively. AFM results showed that the mean surface roughness of PAni film at 318 K without mechanical pressure was 63 nm, while for the film pressed at 5 MPa was less than 35 nm. Thermo-mechanical analysis showed that the glass transition temperature of the PAni film prepared without mechanical pressure and the film pressed at 5 MPa were 386 K and 378 K, respectively. Investigating the temperature dependence and applied pressure on the film surface in determining the viscoelastic properties of the PAni nanostructured film can provide readers with appropriate information about the storage and loss modulus of the film and the activation energy of the polymer layer during the thermal decomposition process.

Keywords

Mechanical-dynamic properties

Polyaniline

Nanostructured film

Temperature and pressure effects

Thermal properties

Subjects

nano-materials

1- Belaabed B., Lamouri S., Naar N., Bourson P., Hamady S.O.S. Polyaniline-doped Benzene Sulfonic Acid/epoxy Resin Composites: Structural, Morphological, Thermal and Dielectric Behaviors, Polym. J.,42 (1),546-554, 2010.
2- Reena, V.L., Sudha, J.D., Ramakrishnan, R., Development of Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials From the Composite of Nanostructured Polyaniline‐polyhydroxy Iron‐clay and Polycarbonate, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 128 (3), 1756-1763, 2013.
3-Bahramian A., Vashaee D., In-situ Fabricated Transparent Conducting Nanoﬁber-shape Polyaniline/coral-like TiO2Thin Film: Application in Bifacial Dye-sensitized Solar Cells, Sol. Energy Mater Sol. Cells,143 (1),284-295, 2015.
4-Keddie, J. L., Jones, R.A.L., Cory, R.A., Size-Dependent Depression of the Glass Transition Temperature in Polymer Films, Europhys. Lett. 27 (1), 59-64, 1994.
5-TaiQ., ChenB., GuoF., XuSh., HuH., Sebo B., Zhao, X.-Zh., In SituPrepared Transparent Polyaniline Electrode and Its Application in Bifacial Dye-sensitized Solar Cells, ACS Nano, 5 (1), 3795-3799, 2011.
6-Zhang F., Johansson M., Andersson M.R., Hummelen, J.C., InganasO., Polymer Photovoltaic Cells With Conducting Polymer Anodes, Adv. Mater. 14 (9), 662–665, 2002.
7- Yarahmadi E., Didehban Afshord Kh., Shabanian M., Saeb M.R., Assessingthe Crosslinking Behavior of Nanocomposites Based on Epoxy and Starch-modified Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Potent to be Applied as Engineering Coatings, Appl. Res. Chem. Polym. Eng. (ARCPE), 1(1), 61-70, 2017.
8-Yan H., Chen Z., Zheng Y., Newman C., Quinn J.R., D€otz F., Kastler M., Facchetti A., A High-Mobility Electron-Transporting Polymer for Printed Transistors, Nature, 457, 679- 687, 2009.
9-Isazadeh H., Zahiri A.R., Investigating the Characteristics of Polyaniline and its Composite Films Prepared by Chemical Method, Iran.J. Polym. Sci. Technol. (Persian), 4 (1), 203-209, 2005.
10-MacDiarmid A.G., Synthetic Metals: A Novel Role for Organic Polymers (Nobel Lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 40 (14), 2581-2590, 2001.
11-MacDiarmidA.G., Min Y., Wiesinger J., Oh M., Scherr E.J., Epstein A.J., Towards Optimization of Electrical and Mechanical-properties of Polyaniline– is Cross-linking Between Chains the Key. Synthetic. Met. 55 (2-3),753-760, 1993.
12- Huang J., Kaner R.B., A General Chemical Route to Polyaniline Nanofibers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (3), 851-855, 2004.
13-Hillman A.R., Mohamoud M.A., Efimov I.,Fundamental Aspects of Electrochemically Controlled Wetting of Nanoscale Composite Materials,Anal. Chem., 83 (14), 5696-5707, 2011.
14-BahramianA., Viscoelastic Properties of Polyaniline-emeraldine Base Nanostructured Films: Experimental Results and Molecular Dynamics Simulations, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 41858, 1-13, 2015.
15-Deore B.A., Yu I., Aguiar P.M., Recksiedler C., Kroeker S., Freund M.S., Highly Cross-Linked, Self-Doped Polyaniline Exhibiting Unprecedented Hardness. Chem. Mater. 17 (15),3803-3805, 2005.
16- Lee Y.M., Kim, J.H., Kang J.S., Ha S.Y., Annealing Effects of Dilute Polyaniline/NMP Solution. Macromolecules, 33 (20), 7431-7439, 2000.
17-Fryer D.S., Peters R.D., Kim E.J., Tomaszewski J.E., de Pablo J.J., Nealey P.F., White C.C., Wu W.L., Dependence of the Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer Films on Interfacial Energy and Thickness. Macromolecules, 34 (16), 5627-5634, 2001.
18-Ferencz R., Sanchez J., Blümich B., Herrmann W., AFM Nanoindentation to Determine Young’s Modulus for Different EPDM elastomers. Polym. Test., 31 (2), 425-432, 2012.
19-Fischer-Cripps A.C., Critical Review of Analysis and Interpretation of Nanoindentation Test Data. Surf. Coat. Technol. 200 (1), 4153-4165, 2006.
20- Kremer G.M., Soares A.J., A kinetic model for chemical reactions without barriers, in Rarefied Gas Dynamics, edited by Akashi Abe, AIP Conference Proceedings 1084, American Institute of Physics, New York, 105-110, 2009.
21- Gul, G., Ali Shah A.H., Bilal S., Calculation of Activation Energy of Degradation of Polyaniline-Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Salts via TGA. J. Sci. Innov. Res., 2 (3), 673-684, 2013.
22-Oliver W.C., Pharr G.M., An improved Technique for Determining Hardness and Elastic Modulus using Load and Displacement Sensing Indentation Experiments. J. Mater. Res.7 (6), 1564-1583, 1992.
23-Stejskal J., Gilbert R.G., Polyaniline. Preparation of a Conducting Polymer (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure Appl. Chem. 74 (5), 857-867, 2002.
24-Suter, U.W., Eichinger, B.E., Estimating Elastic Constants by Averaging Over Simulated Structures. Polymer, 43 (1), 575-582, 2002.