مروری بر فروشویی زیستی لیتیوم از منابع جامد

نویسندگان

گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده
چکیده

موضوع تحقیق: فروشویی زیستی لیتیوم به‌عنوان رویکردی نوآورانه و پایدار برای استخراج این فلز ارزشمند از منابع جامد، شامل کانی‌های معدنی، باتری‌های مستعمل یون‌لیتیومی و سایر پسماندهای الکترونیکی، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. افزایش تقاضای جهانی برای باتری‌های یون‌لیتیومی، به‌ویژه در تجهیزات الکترونیکی و خودروهای الکتریکی، نیاز به بازیابی منابع لیتیوم را دوچندان کرده است. با توجه به چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی روش‌های سنتی استخراج، فروشویی زیستی به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای سازگار با محیط‌زیست و مقرون‌به‌صرفه مطرح شده است.

روش تحقیق:
این پژوهش بر پایه بررسی جامع منابع علمی و پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده درباره استفاده از ریزاندامگان‌ها در فروشویی زیستی لیتیوم استوار است. در این راستا، ابتدا به بررسی منابع و کاربردهای لیتیوم پرداخته شد. سپس مطالعات انجام‌شده بر فروشویی زیستی باتری‌های یون‌لیتیومی و منابع جامد دیگر و سازوکار ریزاندامگان‌های مرسوم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در انتها عوامل مختلفی نظیر شرایط محیطی، pH، دما، ترکیب محیط کشت، غلظت دوغاب و زمان فروشویی بر کارایی بازیابی فلز لیتیوم بررسی و اشاره‌ای به روش‌های نوین استفاده از هوش مصنوعی و زیست‌شناسی سامانه‌ای و سنتزی شد.

نتایج اصلی:
نتایج نشان دادند فروشویی زیستی نه‌تنها منجر به بازیابی موفق لیتیوم از منابع جامد با کارایی بالا می‌شود، بلکه به‌طور قابل‌توجهی اثرات زیست‌محیطی را کاهش می‌دهد. باتری‌های یون‌لیتیومی می‌توانند به‌عنوان منبعی بسیار غنی و ارزشمند برای استخراج لیتیوم به کار گرفته شوند. استفاده از گونه‌های قارچی نظیر Aspergillus niger و باکتری‌هایی نظیر Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans می تواند نرخ بازیابی لیتیوم را تا 100% افزایش دهد. مطالعات نشان دادند استفاده از روش‌های مختلف بهینه‌سازی سویه همچون زیست‌شناسی سنتزی و سامانه‌ای و بهینه‌سازی شرایط کشت همچون استفاده از روش‌های نوین هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند محدودیت‌های استفاده از فروشویی زیستی در صنعت را برطرف کند. همین‌طور این مطالعه بر اهمیت فروشویی زیستی در ایجاد اقتصاد چرخشی تأکید داشته و چشم‌اندازی روشن برای کاربرد صنعتی آن در بازیافت پایدار منابع لیتیوم ارائه می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

A Review on Lithium Bioleaching from Solid Resources

نویسندگان English

Ali Naderi
Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Abstract

Research subject:
Bioleaching of lithium has emerged as an innovative and sustainable approach for extracting this valuable metal from solid sources, including mineral ores, spent lithium-ion batteries, and other electronic waste. The increasing global demand for lithium-ion batteries, especially for consumer electronics and electric vehicles, has intensified the need for efficient lithium resource recovery. Given the environmental and economic challenges associated with traditional extraction methods, bioleaching has been proposed as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative.


Research approach:

This study provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and research on lithium bioleaching. It begins with an overview of lithium resources and applications, followed by an evaluation of studies on the bioleaching of lithium-ion batteries and other solid sources. The mechanisms involved and commonly used microorganisms are analyzed. Additionally, key parameters influencing metal recovery efficiency—such as pH, temperature, medium composition, pulp density, and leaching time—are investigated. The study also explores innovative approaches, including the use of artificial intelligence, systems biology, and synthetic biology, to optimize bioleaching processes.


Main results:

The findings demonstrate that bioleaching not only achieves efficient lithium recovery from solid sources but also significantly reduces environmental hazards. Spent lithium-ion batteries are identified as a rich and valuable source for lithium extraction. The use of microorganisms such as Aspergillus niger and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has achieved lithium recovery rates of up to 100%. Studies indicate that optimizing microbial strains through synthetic and systems biology, along with refining cultivation conditions using modern AI-based techniques, can address industrial challenges in bioleaching. Furthermore, this research highlights the role of bioleaching in promoting a circular economy and presents a promising outlook for its industrial application in sustainable lithium resource recovery.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

lithium
Bioleaching
lithium-ion batteries
solid resources
Microorganisms
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