مطالعه آزمایشگاهی تأثیر امواج ماکروویو و فراصوت بر بهبود کیفیت و میزان آسفالتین موجود در نفت خام سنگین

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
موضوع تحقیق: استفاده از امواج ماکروویو و فراصوت روش نوینی در صنعت نفت است که تاکنون برای مقاصد مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مولکول‌های نفت به دلیل داشتن عناصر قطبی همانند اکسیژن، نیتروژن و گوگرد تحت تأثیر میدان الکتریکی امواج ماکروویو قرار گرفته و با ایجاد ممان دوقطبی نقاط گرمی را به وجود می‌آورند که هم دمای نفت را افزایش داده و هم ترکیبات سنگین همانند آسفالتین را می‌شکند. امواج فراصوت نیروهای بین‌مولکولی را با ایجاد حباب‌های کوچک و ترکیدن آن‌ها از بین می‌برند. هم‌چنین ترکیدن حباب‌ها سبب شکستن مولکول‌های سنگین همانند آسفالتین می‌شود.

روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق نفت خام تحت تابش امواج ماکروویو و فراصوت قرار گرفته و تغییرات خواص آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. هم‌چنین تأثیر تغییر پارامترهایی همانند توان و زمان بر خواص نفت خام بررسی شده است. تغییرات گرانروی و API می‌تواند نشان دهنده میزان شکست مولکول‌های سنگین همانند آسفالتین و ارتقا نفت خام باشد.

نتایج اصلی: استفاده از امواج ماکروویو و فراصوت به ترتیب سبب کاهش 4/12 و 6 درصدی گرانروی نفت خام و افزایش 8/2 و 2/1 درجهAPI می‌شود. هم‌چنین کاهش میزان آسفالتین در اثر اعمال امواج ماکروویو و فراصوت به ترتیب 3/9 و3/4 درصد است که نشان دهنده شکسته شدن این ترکیبات و تبدیل به ترکیبات سبک‌تر و در نتیجه ارتقا نفت خام می‌شود. در آزمون طیف‌سنجی پراش انرژی پرتو ایکس (EDS) افزایش درصد وزنی کربن و کاهش عناصری همانند اکسیژن و گوگرد تأییدکننده این موضوع است. بررسی ساختار نفت خام تحت تابش امواج ماکروویو و فراصوت نشان دهنده این است که امواج ماکروویو علاوه بر تأثیر بر هیدروکربن‌های راست زنجیر باعث کاهش ترکیبات آروماتیک نیز شده‌اند، اما امواج فراصوت بیشتر بر ساختار هیدروکربن‌های راست زنجیر تأثیر گذاشته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Experimental Study of the Effect of Microwave and Ultrasonic Waves on the Upgrading and Asphaltene Content of Heavy Crude Oil

نویسندگان English

Hamidreza Farshadfar
Reza Gharibshahi
Arezou Jafari
Sharif Shoushtari
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Research subject: Using microwave and ultrasonic waves is a novel method in the petroleum industry that has been investigated for various purposes. Due to polar elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, oil molecules are affected by the electric field of microwave waves and create dipole moments that generate hotspots, increasing the temperature of the oil and breaking down heavy compounds such as asphaltene. Ultrasonic waves eliminate intermolecular forces by creating tiny bubbles and bursting them. It also leads to the breakdown of heavy molecules such as asphaltene.

Research approach: In this study, crude oil was exposed to microwave and ultrasonic radiation, and changes in its properties were investigated. The effects of changing parameters such as power and time on crude oil properties were also examined. Changes in the specific gravity and API can indicate the extent of the breakdown of heavy molecules such as asphaltene and improvement in crude oil quality.

Main results: Using microwave and ultrasonic waves can reduce the viscosity of crude oil by 12.4% and 6% and increase the API by 2.8 and 1.2 degrees, respectively. Asphaltene reduction due to microwave and ultrasonic waves is 9.3% and 4.3%, respectively, indicating the breakdown of these compounds and the conversion to smaller compounds soluble in oil, resulting in improved crude oil quality. The EDS results show an increase in the weight percentage of carbon and the reduction of elements such as oxygen and sulfur, which confirms this issue. Examining crude oil structure under microwave and ultrasonic radiation showed that microwave waves, in addition to affecting straight-chain hydrocarbons, also reduced aromatic compounds. However, ultrasonic waves had a more significant effect on straight-chain hydrocarbon structure.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Microwave
Ultrasonic
Asphaltene
Upgrading
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